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Domino damselfish or Dascyllus trimaculatus are classified to family Pomacentridae. This species is a native of the Indo-Pacific with an established presence stemming form the shorelines of southern Japan to Australia.
These fish received their names from their distinctive color pallets. They have black bodies just like a domino. There are three large white spots their bodies, one on each side and one on their forehead. They are also called threespot dascyllus and domino damsels. They commonly grow to as long as 5 inches in length and have a life expectancy of up to 10 years in captivity. These fish can swim in depths up to 200 feet.
This is one tough and highly adaptable little fish. They can tolerate conditions that would kill a less hardy species. This capability of surviving adverse environmental conditions has led to them being a popular biological stabilizer for aquarists who are cycling a new tank. If the damselfish lives it is ok to risk introducing more expensive and temperamental species to the new aquarium.
This is not a timid creature by any means. They have a propensity to be downright tenacious for a fish of their stature. The level of aggressiveness increases as they mature. Housing them with smaller and more docile species may prove problematic. They will also exhibit territorial behavior toward members of their own species especially in smaller aquariums. Suitable tank-mates include dwarf angelfish, puffers, and cardinalfish.
A common trait among damselfish is their symbiotic relationship with sea anomies. They are commonly referred to as anomiefish because of this inherent mutualism. Sea anomies exude neurotoxins which can be deadly to most other fish. Damselfish have a natural immunity to these toxins which inevitably leads to mutually beneficial coop between the two species. Dominoes feed on the semi-digested matter left floating around the anomie because of its dietary habits and remove harmful parasites from the creature. There is the additional benefit of being able to seek shelter within the tentacles of a species even the most aggressive of predators will instinctively steer clear of. In return for shelter and provisions Dominoes excrete fecal matter which is a source of nutrition for the anomie. Dominoes also associate with diadema sea urchins and branching coral.
This is an omnivorous species. Part of their diet in the wild consists of ingesting various species of algae. It is recommended that you provide them with an abundance of live rock to graze on. The live rock will provide them with both the plant matter necessary for their nutritional requirements and make for acceptable hiding place in the absence of their symbiotic partners.
In addition to plant matter they can be fed brine shrimp, chopped fresh shrimp. mollusks, or squid. They will also eat marine flakes for omnivores.
Like their relatives the clown fish, dominoes are sequential hermaphrodites. They are all born as males. If you place two males in an aquarium together the larger more dominant fish will undergo a gender change. This species has been known to breed in captivity.
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Just like every gardener is different, there are also several different ways to use your hydroponics equipment. Take a browse through the options below to find a hydroponics method that is suited to your personal preferences and the needs of your crop.
Solution culture
There are two broad types of hydroponics growth techniques. First, we will look at some of the most popular solution culture methods. In solution culture, the roots contact only the nutrient solution, as opposed to a solid medium.
Static solution culture
One of the easiest methods of hydroponics is the static solution culture technique, which has gardeners place their plants in a tub of nutrient solution. Any container - like a jar or plastic bucket - should work fine. The nutrient solution is often aerated using aquarium equipment, like a pump, tubing, and valves. In order to maintain adequate nutrition, the solution should be changed periodically, and monitored using a conductivity meter. In addition, the container in which the plants are growing should be opaque, with a small hole at the top. This prevents the formation of algae.
Deep water culture
In DWC, the roots dangle into a solution that consists of both nutrients and water. This can be done by using simple materials, like plastic buckets and pots. Using a pump, this solution is saturated with oxygen, which means that your plants could grow faster than any other method.
Continuous-flow solution culture (commonly known as NFT)
As opposed to the previous method, in which the gardener manually changes the solution once every few days, continuous-flow solution techniques allow the nutrient solution to constantly circulate past the roots. Obviously, this makes the entire system much easier to automate. One of the most popular applications of this technique is called the nutrient film technique (NFT), in which a stream of water flows past the roots of the plants. While this technique requires careful setup - like monitoring the slope, flow, and length of your channel - it allows your plants to access the proper nutrition and oxygen, which ultimately means that they grow at a far more efficient rate. In fact, one of the few negatives about NFT is that it is susceptible to power outages.
Aeroponics
One of the more creative hydroponics techniques is aeroponics, which allows gardeners to simply spray a fine mist over the roots of the plants. This mist is filled with water and nutrient solution, and the roots are suspended in the air. Studies have even shown that this method is more efficient at producing plants that are rich in nutrients.
Medium culture
The other main type of hydroponics growth is medium culture, where a medium like clay or coconut husks is used to distribute nutrients to the plants.
Passive sub-irrigation
In this method, gardeners use a porous medium in order to transfer water and nutrients to the roots of the plants. Using capillary action, the plants reach through the medium to suck up the nutrient solution on the other side. Because the medium is porous, oxygen can reach the roots more easily, speeding up the growth of the plants. This method is fairly simple, and requires a minimal amount of monitoring from the gardener.
'Flood and drain' or 'Ebb and flow' sub-irrigation
Using this method, gardeners fill a tray with a growing medium, like clay, and then place this tray in a basin filled with nutrient solution. Periodically, a pump fills the tray with water, which then gradually drains through the porous growth medium. This is an effective way to distribute oxygen and nutrients to your crops.
Run to waste
Similar to sub-irrigation, run to waste systems apply the nutrient solution to a tray of plants in a porous growth medium. However, this solution is generally poured from the top, and then allowed to drain through. This can be done manually, or by using a pump connected to a timer.
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Mandarinfish, Synchiropus splendidus, belong to the Callionymidae or dragonet family. They are endemic to the Pacific Ocean. Their native habitat ranges from Ryukyu Islands to Australia. This bottom dwelling species is commonly found in sheltered lagoons and inshore reefs.
This is one of the most beautifully colored fish in all of nature. It color palette looks like it came straight form one of the polyester shirts popular in the 70s. A psychedelic montage of oranges, yellow and greens coalescing across a neon blue body make this fish a sure standout in any aquarium. Its vivid coloration evokes the rich color patterns and embroidered adornments on the robes of an Imperial Chinese Mandarin. This coloration makes for ideal camouflage against the brightly colored species typical of a tropical marine reef formation. They are sold under a variety of trade names including striped mandarinfish, mandarin dragnet, striped dragonet, green dragonet, mandarin goby, green mandarin, and even the psychedelic mandarinfish. One would think a species of such exotic magnificence would fetch a hefty price. In reality these are very affordable fish.
Dragonets account for 10 genera and more than 182 species of the 267 genera and 2,100 species collectively referred to as gobies. Gobies are small fish. A fully grown adult mandarin will only reach between 2.5 and 4 inches in length. This is a mild mannered creature and should not be housed with more aggressive species or fish large enough to view it as an appetizing snack. In nature they often commune in small groups. However in the confines of an aquarium two males may demonstrate territorial behavior toward one another. Keeping a male and a female together will not present a problem. This is a timid fish. Avoid having lots of other bottom dwellers in your community tank. The mandarin is more likely to starve itself to death rather than compete for its food. It will also require plenty of hiding places. This is a suitable candidate for a reef aquarium. It does consume crustaceans but they are much smaller than the ones you would purchase to populate your reef tank. Do not keep them with sea anemones as you may well wake up with one less fish in your aquarium. Mandarins secrete a toxin in their mucous that covers their bodies as a form of protection against predation. However this toxin will not affect the other members of your aquarium as long as they do not attempt to eat the mandarin.
Mandarinfish are recommended for expert aquarists only. This is specifically because of their specialized diet in nature. This omnivore's diet is largely comprised of amphipods (small shrimp-like crustaceans), copepods (planktonic sized crustaceans), Gastropoda (tiny univalve mollusks) and polychaete worms.
Mandarins will often succumb to a death of malnutrition within the first six months of captivity. Many simply cannot make the transition to life in an aquarium. It is highly recommended that you ask to watch the one you intend to purchase feed before taking it home. Providing plenty of well established live rock and living sand as a substrate will help in the acclimation process.
Despite its troubles adapting to a life of captivity, mandarins are a hardy and highly diseases resistant species. They have scale-less bodies and a skin type that is naturally immune to ichthyophthirius (ich). Mandarins who successfully acclimate to aquarium life are healthy active fish that can easily live in excess of 10 years possibly even as long as 15.
It is relatively easy to sex mandarins. Males are generally larger than females. The male's dorsal fin is more elongated and pointed than that of the females. This fish has been known to breed in captivity.
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Solid State, Cooler Running, High Efficiency, Dual Color Blended Full Spectrum LED plant lighting, This panel has no ballasts to burn out like other aquarium or plant lights. It runs at a warm temperature rather than very hot which is common with most other inefficient plant lights. This more controlled running temperature reduces water evaporation and keeps rooms with tanks and plants from getting uncomfortably hot in the summer months requiring additional air conditioning. They save electricity dual fold. This state of the art BLUE + WHITE LED panel tank and plant light is extremely energy efficient paying for itself many times over each year in electricity savings. It saves 50% to 90% in energy consumption compared to incandescent bulbs or fluorescent tubes. Wide angle projection insures uniform coverage. This specialty WHITE + BLUE LED Aquarium and grow light panel is designed to allow you to custom tailor the light spectrum for maximum growth and breeding condition.The purity and power of this Blue + WHITE LED panel has been scientifically designed to provide large illumination coverage of 8 to 10 square feet. 14 to 16 hours per day is all that is necessary for maximum fish metabolism and Coral Reef. The typical white (metal halide) plant lights that run at high temperatures consume excessive electricity, wasting money. LEDs turn on instantly and can be turned on and off by hand each day or work well with all standard lamp timers.These LED light panels are perfect as all year permanent Aquarium and Plant lights for Fish, Reef, Corals, Amphibians, Reptiles, Mammals, Insects and Plant tanks and benches. They are especially productive for spring vegetable and flower seedling development.Gross weight: 11 Pounds or 5kg2" depth - 1537 Par12" depth - 423 Par24" depth - 182 Par
T5 aquarium lighting is usually the best solution for most saltwater aquariums that are less than twenty four inches deep. This is because it is the most affordable and best bang for the buck lighting solution if you plan to keep corals. Don't get me wrong, metal halide lighting is a great solution, but T5 can even be more intense than metal halide. When comparing T5 to power compact, there is no comparison. T5 is better hands down. Power compact is older technology and far less efficient. There are many styles of T5 fixtures available. Some can be hung, while others rest on the rim of your aquarium. The typical fixture lengths are twenty four, thirty six, forty eight, and seventy two inches long. You will also see that fixtures are available containing two to twelve bulbs. Most aquarists will need one bulb for every three inches wide your aquarium is. So a fifty five gallon aquarium is twelve inches wide and should have about four bulbs. Most T5 fixtures containing more than two bulbs will have separate plugs so you can create a dawn and dusk effect.
Thankfully there are many T5 bulb options available. You will be able to find just the right spectrum that pleases your eyes. You will find purple, blue, red, white and yellow bulbs readily available in most of the common sizes. Use a combination of these bulbs to get just the right color. Also be sure to select a fixture that has built in fans to keep the bulbs cool and one that has high quality reflectors. Look for a light that mentions polished aluminum or parabolic reflectors with ninety five percent or better reflectivity.
In the future, aquarium LED light bulbs will replace power compact, T5 and metal halide. It makes sense because LED bulbs produce the same shimmering effect as metal halide and also match the intensity. Yet, they do not produce the heat, so a chiller is no longer a concern. You will also be able to dim and adjust the color of the bulbs like some T5 and VHO lighting systems. The bulbs will also last up to ten years! In the end, LED lights make the most sense, but they are still too expensive for most aquarists. Look for prices of these LED fixtures to start coming down in the near future.
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